|
|
|
|
 |
| | MethodsOverview of MethodsEach monitoring method has its advantages and can be used for different purposes and in various study designs. Before deciding which SHS monitoring method to use for a study, consider the goals and objectives of the project. Many study designs use more than one monitoring method. |
| Observational | - Low cost
- Rapid implementation
- Easily repeated over time
- Complements other forms of monitoring
| - Subjective
- Difficult to quantify
- Difficult to generalize
- Observed environment is not static, so cross-sectional observations may be misleading
| | Questionnaires | - Long-term/lifelong exposure
- Multiple dimensions (can include time-activity patterns)
- Feasible in large populations
- Can integrate into existing surveys
| - Difficult to quantify intensity (semi-quantitative)
- Prone to underreporting or other bias (e.g. poor recall)
| | Air monitoring | - Quantitative
- Can measure SHS in target locations
- Can also measure personal exposure
- Useful to evaluate policy implementation
| - Variability over space and time (may be dependent on building characteristics or background exposures) and may require repeat measures
- May require laboratory analysis (nicotine)
- Costly
| | Biomonitoring | - Quantitative
- Measures internal dose to individuals
- Integrated across all exposure settings
| - Does not identify setting contributions to exposure
- Variability in uptake and metabolism
- Logistical issues (e.g. refusal of participants, storage and shipping of specimens)
- Requires laboratory analysis
- Costly
|
| | |
|
|
|
|
